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从数据到决策:企业智能的四步闭环

企业智能决策不是一步到位的过程,而是由 Sense(感知)→ Think(推理)→ Decide(决策)→ Act(执行) 四个阶段构成的闭环系统。coomia-dip 的 Reasoning & Decision Layer(推理与决策引擎)和 Agent Runtime Layer(Agent 运行时)共同实现了这一闭环,将原始数据转化为可执行的智能决策。本文深入剖析这四个阶段的架构设计、数据流转机制以及各引擎之间的协作模式,帮助你理解 coomia-dip 如何构建企业级智能决策能力。

Coomia发布于 2025年8月22日19 分钟阅读
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系列:S5 智能决策 · 第 1 篇 | 难度:高级 | 阅读时间:20 分钟

从数据到决策:企业智能的四步闭环

#TL;DR

企业智能决策不是一步到位的过程,而是由 Sense(感知)→ Think(推理)→ Decide(决策)→ Act(执行) 四个阶段构成的闭环系统。coomia-dip 的 Reasoning & Decision Layer(推理与决策引擎)和 Agent Runtime Layer(Agent 运行时)共同实现了这一闭环,将原始数据转化为可执行的智能决策。本文深入剖析这四个阶段的架构设计、数据流转机制以及各引擎之间的协作模式,帮助你理解 coomia-dip 如何构建企业级智能决策能力。

#1. 为什么需要四步闭环

#1.1 传统决策的痛点

在传统企业系统中,决策过程往往是碎片化的:

Code
传统模式:
┌──────────┐    手动     ┌──────────┐    手动     ┌──────────┐
│  数据仓库  │ ────────→ │  分析报告  │ ────────→ │  人工决策  │
└──────────┘            └──────────┘            └──────────┘
     │                       │                       │
     │  延迟:小时/天          │  延迟:天/周            │  延迟:天/月
     ▼                       ▼                       ▼
  数据孤岛              分析碎片化              决策难追溯

这种模式存在三大问题:

问题表现影响
决策延迟从数据到行动需要数天甚至数周错过最佳时机
上下文丢失每个环节独立,信息断裂决策质量下降
不可追溯无法回溯"为什么做了这个决策"合规风险高

#1.2 闭环决策的核心理念

coomia-dip 借鉴军事指挥中的 OODA 循环(Observe-Orient-Decide-Act),将其升级为企业级的 STDA 闭环

Code
                    ┌─────────────────────────────────────┐
                    │         STDA 智能决策闭环              │
                    │                                     │
                    │   ┌──────┐    ┌──────┐              │
                    │   │Sense │───→│Think │              │
                    │   │ 感知  │    │ 推理  │              │
                    │   └──────┘    └──┬───┘              │
                    │       ▲          │                   │
                    │       │          ▼                   │
                    │   ┌───┴──┐    ┌──────┐              │
                    │   │ Act  │←───│Decide│              │
                    │   │ 执行  │    │ 决策  │              │
                    │   └──────┘    └──────┘              │
                    │                                     │
                    └─────────────────────────────────────┘

每一步都有对应的引擎和数据结构,形成完整的可追溯链路。

#2. Sense 阶段:从原始数据到语义事件

#2.1 数据源接入

Sense 阶段负责将分散的数据源统一为 Ontology 语义事件。coomia-dip 支持多种数据接入方式:

Python
# coomia-dip 中的数据源定义
from ontology_sdk.models import DataSource, EventStream

class SenseLayer:
    """感知层:将原始数据转化为语义事件"""

    def __init__(self, ontology_client, event_bus):
        self.ontology = ontology_client
        self.event_bus = event_bus
        self._sources: dict[str, DataSource] = {}

    async def register_source(
        self,
        source_id: str,
        source_type: str,      # "database" | "api" | "stream" | "file"
        connection_config: dict,
        mapping_rules: list[dict],
    ) -> DataSource:
        """注册数据源并配置映射规则"""
        source = DataSource(
            source_id=source_id,
            source_type=source_type,
            config=connection_config,
            mappings=mapping_rules,
        )
        self._sources[source_id] = source
        return source

    async def ingest_event(
        self, source_id: str, raw_data: dict
    ) -> list["OntologyEvent"]:
        """将原始数据转化为 Ontology 事件"""
        source = self._sources[source_id]
        events = []
        for mapping in source.mappings:
            event = self._apply_mapping(raw_data, mapping)
            if event:
                events.append(event)
                await self.event_bus.publish(event)
        return events

    def _apply_mapping(self, raw: dict, mapping: dict) -> "OntologyEvent | None":
        """应用映射规则,将原始数据字段映射为 Ontology 属性"""
        object_type = mapping["target_object_type"]
        field_map = mapping["field_mappings"]

        properties = {}
        for raw_field, onto_prop in field_map.items():
            if raw_field in raw:
                properties[onto_prop] = raw[raw_field]

        if not properties:
            return None

        return OntologyEvent(
            event_type="property_change",
            object_type=object_type,
            properties=properties,
            source_id=raw.get("id"),
            timestamp=datetime.utcnow(),
        )

#2.2 事件语义化处理

原始数据经过以下流水线转化为语义事件:

Code
原始数据流处理管道:

┌──────────┐   ┌──────────┐   ┌──────────┐   ┌──────────┐   ┌──────────┐
│  Raw     │   │  Schema  │   │  Type    │   │  Enrich  │   │ Ontology │
│  Ingest  │──→│  Validate│──→│  Convert │──→│  Context │──→│  Event   │
│          │   │          │   │          │   │          │   │          │
│ JSON/CSV │   │ 字段校验  │   │ 类型转换  │   │ 上下文    │   │ 语义事件  │
│ Protobuf │   │ 必填检查  │   │ 标准化    │   │ 关联补全  │   │ 发布     │
└──────────┘   └──────────┘   └──────────┘   └──────────┘   └──────────┘

#2.3 DerivedPropertyService 的角色

在 Sense 阶段,DerivedPropertyService 扮演了关键角色——它负责从基础属性计算派生属性:

Python
class DerivedPropertyService:
    """派生属性服务:从基础属性计算高阶语义"""

    def __init__(self, property_registry, dependency_graph):
        self.registry = property_registry
        self.dag = dependency_graph

    async def compute_derived(
        self, object_type: str, object_id: str, changed_properties: set[str]
    ) -> dict[str, Any]:
        """当基础属性变化时,按依赖图计算需要更新的派生属性"""
        affected = self.dag.get_downstream(object_type, changed_properties)
        results = {}

        # 拓扑排序,确保依赖顺序
        for prop_def in self.dag.topological_sort(affected):
            inputs = await self._gather_inputs(
                object_type, object_id, prop_def.dependencies
            )
            value = await prop_def.compute_fn(inputs)
            results[prop_def.name] = value

        return results

    async def _gather_inputs(
        self, object_type: str, object_id: str, deps: list[str]
    ) -> dict[str, Any]:
        """收集计算所需的输入属性值"""
        obj = await self.registry.get_object(object_type, object_id)
        return {dep: getattr(obj, dep, None) for dep in deps}

#3. Think 阶段:推理引擎的工作原理

#3.1 ReasoningEngine 架构

Think 阶段是整个闭环的"大脑"。coomia-dip 的 ReasoningEngine 采用了混合推理架构:

Code
ReasoningEngine 内部架构:

┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│                     ReasoningEngine                          │
│                                                             │
│  ┌─────────────┐  ┌─────────────┐  ┌─────────────────────┐ │
│  │ Rule-Based  │  │ ML-Based    │  │ Hybrid Reasoning    │ │
│  │ Reasoning   │  │ Inference   │  │ Orchestrator        │ │
│  │             │  │             │  │                     │ │
│  │ ┌─────────┐ │  │ ┌─────────┐ │  │ ┌─────────────────┐ │ │
│  │ │ Forward │ │  │ │ Model   │ │  │ │ Strategy Router │ │ │
│  │ │ Chain   │ │  │ │ Registry│ │  │ │                 │ │ │
│  │ └─────────┘ │  │ └─────────┘ │  │ │ rule_first      │ │ │
│  │ ┌─────────┐ │  │ ┌─────────┐ │  │ │ ml_first        │ │ │
│  │ │ Rete    │ │  │ │ Feature │ │  │ │ ensemble        │ │ │
│  │ │ Network │ │  │ │ Extract │ │  │ │ cascade         │ │ │
│  │ └─────────┘ │  │ └─────────┘ │  │ └─────────────────┘ │ │
│  └─────────────┘  └─────────────┘  └─────────────────────┘ │
│                                                             │
│  ┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐   │
│  │                 Explanation Builder                    │   │
│  │  记录每一步推理的原因和依据,生成可解释的决策链          │   │
│  └──────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘   │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

#3.2 前向链推理流程

ReasoningEngine 的核心推理模式是前向链(Forward Chaining):

Python
from dataclasses import dataclass, field
from typing import Any, Callable

@dataclass
class Fact:
    """推理系统中的事实"""
    name: str
    value: Any
    source: str           # 事实来源(sensor/derived/inferred)
    confidence: float = 1.0
    timestamp: float = 0.0

@dataclass
class Rule:
    """推理规则"""
    rule_id: str
    name: str
    priority: int = 0
    conditions: list[Callable] = field(default_factory=list)
    actions: list[Callable] = field(default_factory=list)

    def evaluate(self, facts: dict[str, Fact]) -> bool:
        """评估所有条件是否满足"""
        return all(cond(facts) for cond in self.conditions)

    def fire(self, facts: dict[str, Fact]) -> list[Fact]:
        """执行规则动作,产生新事实"""
        new_facts = []
        for action in self.actions:
            result = action(facts)
            if isinstance(result, Fact):
                new_facts.append(result)
            elif isinstance(result, list):
                new_facts.extend(result)
        return new_facts


class ForwardChainEngine:
    """前向链推理引擎"""

    def __init__(self, max_iterations: int = 100):
        self.rules: list[Rule] = []
        self.max_iterations = max_iterations

    def add_rule(self, rule: Rule) -> None:
        self.rules.append(rule)
        # 按优先级排序
        self.rules.sort(key=lambda r: r.priority, reverse=True)

    def reason(self, initial_facts: dict[str, Fact]) -> "ReasoningResult":
        """
        执行前向链推理:
        1. 用初始事实匹配所有规则
        2. 触发匹配的规则,产生新事实
        3. 用新事实重新匹配,直到无新事实产生
        """
        facts = dict(initial_facts)
        trace = []
        fired_rules = set()

        for iteration in range(self.max_iterations):
            new_facts_added = False

            for rule in self.rules:
                if rule.rule_id in fired_rules:
                    continue

                if rule.evaluate(facts):
                    new_facts = rule.fire(facts)
                    fired_rules.add(rule.rule_id)

                    trace.append(RuleTrace(
                        iteration=iteration,
                        rule_id=rule.rule_id,
                        rule_name=rule.name,
                        matched_facts=[f.name for f in facts.values()],
                        produced_facts=[f.name for f in new_facts],
                    ))

                    for fact in new_facts:
                        if fact.name not in facts:
                            facts[fact.name] = fact
                            new_facts_added = True

            if not new_facts_added:
                break

        return ReasoningResult(
            facts=facts,
            trace=trace,
            iterations=iteration + 1,
        )

#3.3 ML 模型集成

推理引擎同时支持 ML 模型推断:

Python
class MLInferenceLayer:
    """ML 推断层:集成训练好的模型进行预测"""

    def __init__(self, model_registry):
        self.registry = model_registry
        self._loaded_models: dict[str, Any] = {}

    async def predict(
        self,
        model_id: str,
        features: dict[str, Any],
        version: str = "latest",
    ) -> "PredictionResult":
        """使用指定模型进行推断"""
        model = await self._get_model(model_id, version)
        feature_vector = self._extract_features(model, features)

        prediction = model.predict(feature_vector)
        confidence = model.predict_proba(feature_vector)

        return PredictionResult(
            model_id=model_id,
            version=version,
            prediction=prediction,
            confidence=float(confidence.max()),
            feature_importance=model.get_feature_importance(feature_vector),
        )

    async def _get_model(self, model_id: str, version: str):
        """从模型注册表加载模型"""
        cache_key = f"{model_id}:{version}"
        if cache_key not in self._loaded_models:
            model_meta = await self.registry.get_model(model_id, version)
            self._loaded_models[cache_key] = model_meta.load()
        return self._loaded_models[cache_key]

#4. Decide 阶段:决策引擎的双引擎模式

#4.1 DecisionEngine 总体架构

Decide 阶段将推理结果转化为具体的决策方案。coomia-dip 的 DecisionEngine 采用"双引擎"架构:

Code
DecisionEngine 双引擎架构:

┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│                      DecisionEngine                           │
│                                                              │
│  推理结果                                                     │
│     │                                                        │
│     ▼                                                        │
│  ┌──────────────────┐                                        │
│  │  Decision Router  │─── 根据场景选择引擎                     │
│  └────────┬─────────┘                                        │
│           │                                                   │
│     ┌─────┴─────┐                                            │
│     ▼           ▼                                            │
│  ┌──────────┐  ┌──────────────┐                              │
│  │ Decision │  │ Constraint   │                              │
│  │ Tree     │  │ Solver       │                              │
│  │ Engine   │  │ (OR-Tools)   │                              │
│  │          │  │              │                              │
│  │ 快速路径  │  │ 优化问题      │                              │
│  │ 规则匹配  │  │ 约束求解      │                              │
│  └────┬─────┘  └──────┬───────┘                              │
│       │               │                                      │
│       └───────┬───────┘                                      │
│               ▼                                              │
│  ┌──────────────────────────┐                                │
│  │   Decision Assembler      │                                │
│  │   组装决策方案 + 审批流程     │                                │
│  └──────────────────────────┘                                │
│               │                                              │
│               ▼                                              │
│  ┌──────────────────────────┐                                │
│  │   Decision Record         │                                │
│  │   决策记录 + 审计链          │                                │
│  └──────────────────────────┘                                │
└──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

#4.2 决策树引擎

决策树引擎处理确定性的、基于规则的决策:

Python
from enum import Enum
from pydantic import BaseModel

class DecisionNodeType(str, Enum):
    CONDITION = "condition"
    ACTION = "action"
    LEAF = "leaf"

class DecisionNode(BaseModel):
    """决策树节点"""
    node_id: str
    node_type: DecisionNodeType
    condition: str | None = None         # 条件表达式
    true_branch: str | None = None       # 条件为真时的子节点
    false_branch: str | None = None      # 条件为假时的子节点
    action_type: str | None = None       # 叶节点的动作类型
    action_params: dict | None = None    # 动作参数

class DecisionTreeEngine:
    """决策树引擎"""

    def __init__(self):
        self.trees: dict[str, list[DecisionNode]] = {}

    def register_tree(self, tree_id: str, nodes: list[DecisionNode]) -> None:
        self.trees[tree_id] = {n.node_id: n for n in nodes}

    def evaluate(
        self, tree_id: str, context: dict[str, Any]
    ) -> "DecisionOutcome":
        """遍历决策树,根据上下文得出决策"""
        nodes = self.trees[tree_id]
        current = nodes["root"]
        path = []

        while current.node_type == DecisionNodeType.CONDITION:
            result = self._eval_condition(current.condition, context)
            path.append(TraceStep(
                node_id=current.node_id,
                condition=current.condition,
                result=result,
            ))

            next_id = current.true_branch if result else current.false_branch
            current = nodes[next_id]

        return DecisionOutcome(
            tree_id=tree_id,
            decision_node=current.node_id,
            action_type=current.action_type,
            action_params=current.action_params,
            trace_path=path,
        )

#4.3 约束求解引擎

对于优化类决策(如资源分配、排班调度),使用 OR-Tools 约束求解:

Python
from ortools.sat.python import cp_model

class ConstraintSolverEngine:
    """约束求解引擎:处理优化类决策"""

    def solve_assignment(
        self,
        tasks: list[dict],
        resources: list[dict],
        constraints: list[dict],
        objective: str = "minimize_cost",
    ) -> "SolverResult":
        """求解资源分配问题"""
        model = cp_model.CpModel()

        # 创建决策变量
        assignments = {}
        for task in tasks:
            for resource in resources:
                var_name = f"assign_{task['id']}_{resource['id']}"
                assignments[(task["id"], resource["id"])] = model.NewBoolVar(
                    var_name
                )

        # 约束:每个任务必须分配到恰好一个资源
        for task in tasks:
            model.Add(
                sum(
                    assignments[(task["id"], r["id"])]
                    for r in resources
                ) == 1
            )

        # 约束:资源容量限制
        for resource in resources:
            model.Add(
                sum(
                    assignments[(t["id"], resource["id"])] * t["demand"]
                    for t in tasks
                ) <= resource["capacity"]
            )

        # 应用自定义约束
        for constraint in constraints:
            self._apply_constraint(model, assignments, constraint)

        # 设置目标函数
        if objective == "minimize_cost":
            cost_terms = []
            for task in tasks:
                for resource in resources:
                    cost = self._compute_cost(task, resource)
                    cost_terms.append(
                        assignments[(task["id"], resource["id"])] * cost
                    )
            model.Minimize(sum(cost_terms))

        # 求解
        solver = cp_model.CpSolver()
        solver.parameters.max_time_in_seconds = 30
        status = solver.Solve(model)

        if status in (cp_model.OPTIMAL, cp_model.FEASIBLE):
            result_assignments = []
            for task in tasks:
                for resource in resources:
                    if solver.Value(assignments[(task["id"], resource["id"])]):
                        result_assignments.append({
                            "task_id": task["id"],
                            "resource_id": resource["id"],
                        })

            return SolverResult(
                status="optimal" if status == cp_model.OPTIMAL else "feasible",
                assignments=result_assignments,
                objective_value=solver.ObjectiveValue(),
                solve_time_ms=solver.WallTime() * 1000,
            )
        else:
            return SolverResult(
                status="infeasible",
                assignments=[],
                objective_value=None,
                solve_time_ms=solver.WallTime() * 1000,
            )

#5. Act 阶段:ActionEngine 执行决策

#5.1 ActionEngine 与 10 种执行器

Act 阶段将决策转化为实际操作。coomia-dip 的 ActionEngine 统一调度 10 种执行器:

Code
ActionEngine 执行器矩阵:

┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│                      ActionEngine                            │
│                                                             │
│  ┌────────────────┐  ┌────────────────┐  ┌───────────────┐ │
│  │ CreateObject    │  │ UpdateObject    │  │ DeleteObject  │ │
│  │ 创建本体对象     │  │ 更新对象属性     │  │ 删除对象      │ │
│  └────────────────┘  └────────────────┘  └───────────────┘ │
│                                                             │
│  ┌────────────────┐  ┌────────────────┐  ┌───────────────┐ │
│  │ CreateRelation  │  │ DeleteRelation  │  │InvokeFunction │ │
│  │ 建立关联关系     │  │ 删除关联关系     │  │ 调用自定义函数  │ │
│  └────────────────┘  └────────────────┘  └───────────────┘ │
│                                                             │
│  ┌────────────────┐  ┌────────────────┐  ┌───────────────┐ │
│  │ Webhook        │  │ Notification    │  │ SimpleOp      │ │
│  │ 外部系统回调     │  │ 发送通知        │  │ 简单操作       │ │
│  └────────────────┘  └────────────────┘  └───────────────┘ │
│                                                             │
│  ┌────────────────┐                                        │
│  │ CompositeOp    │   ← 组合操作:编排多个原子操作            │
│  │ 事务性组合操作   │                                        │
│  └────────────────┘                                        │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

#5.2 执行引擎核心代码

Python
from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
from enum import Enum

class ExecutorType(str, Enum):
    CREATE_OBJECT = "create_object"
    UPDATE_OBJECT = "update_object"
    DELETE_OBJECT = "delete_object"
    CREATE_RELATION = "create_relation"
    DELETE_RELATION = "delete_relation"
    INVOKE_FUNCTION = "invoke_function"
    WEBHOOK = "webhook"
    NOTIFICATION = "notification"
    SIMPLE_OP = "simple_op"
    COMPOSITE_OP = "composite_op"

class ActionExecutor(ABC):
    """动作执行器基类"""

    @abstractmethod
    async def execute(self, params: dict) -> "ActionResult":
        ...

    @abstractmethod
    async def compensate(self, params: dict, execution_id: str) -> None:
        """补偿操作:用于 Saga 回滚"""
        ...

class ActionEngine:
    """统一动作执行引擎"""

    def __init__(self, executors: dict[ExecutorType, ActionExecutor]):
        self.executors = executors
        self.audit_log = AuditLogger()

    async def execute_action(
        self,
        action_type: ExecutorType,
        params: dict,
        decision_id: str,
        operator: str,
    ) -> "ActionResult":
        """执行单个动作"""
        executor = self.executors[action_type]

        # 记录执行前快照
        snapshot = await self._take_snapshot(action_type, params)

        try:
            result = await executor.execute(params)

            # 审计日志
            await self.audit_log.record(
                decision_id=decision_id,
                action_type=action_type.value,
                operator=operator,
                params=params,
                result=result,
                snapshot_before=snapshot,
                status="success",
            )

            return result

        except Exception as e:
            await self.audit_log.record(
                decision_id=decision_id,
                action_type=action_type.value,
                operator=operator,
                params=params,
                error=str(e),
                snapshot_before=snapshot,
                status="failed",
            )
            raise

#5.3 Temporal 工作流编排长事务

对于涉及多步操作的决策,使用 Temporal 编排 Saga 模式:

Python
from temporalio import workflow, activity
from datetime import timedelta

@workflow.defn
class DecisionExecutionWorkflow:
    """决策执行工作流:Saga 模式"""

    @workflow.run
    async def run(self, decision: dict) -> dict:
        """执行决策的所有动作,支持补偿回滚"""
        executed_actions = []

        try:
            for action in decision["actions"]:
                result = await workflow.execute_activity(
                    execute_action_activity,
                    args=[action],
                    start_to_close_timeout=timedelta(minutes=5),
                    retry_policy=RetryPolicy(
                        maximum_attempts=3,
                        backoff_coefficient=2.0,
                    ),
                )
                executed_actions.append((action, result))

            return {
                "status": "completed",
                "results": [r for _, r in executed_actions],
            }

        except Exception as e:
            # Saga 补偿:逆序回滚已执行的动作
            for action, result in reversed(executed_actions):
                try:
                    await workflow.execute_activity(
                        compensate_action_activity,
                        args=[action, result["execution_id"]],
                        start_to_close_timeout=timedelta(minutes=5),
                    )
                except Exception as comp_error:
                    workflow.logger.error(
                        f"Compensation failed for {action['type']}: "
                        f"{comp_error}"
                    )

            return {
                "status": "rolled_back",
                "error": str(e),
                "compensated_actions": len(executed_actions),
            }

#6. 闭环数据流:端到端示例

#6.1 供应链异常检测场景

以一个完整的供应链异常检测场景来展示四步闭环:

Code
供应链异常检测闭环示例:

时间线 ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────→

[Sense]                [Think]              [Decide]          [Act]
  │                      │                    │                 │
  │  IoT 传感器报告        │  规则引擎匹配        │  决策树判定       │  执行动作
  │  仓库温度 = 35°C      │  "高温警告"规则      │  需要紧急补货     │  ①创建补货单
  │                      │                    │                 │  ②通知仓管
  │  ERP 同步             │  ML 模型预测         │  约束求解器       │  ③调整路线
  │  库存量 = 50          │  24h 后库存 < 20    │  最优供应商 = B   │  ④Webhook ERP
  │                      │                    │                 │
  │  天气 API             │  混合推理            │  决策审批         │  ⑤审批流转
  │  明日气温 40°C         │  综合判定:高风险     │  紧急→自动审批    │
  │                      │                    │                 │
  ▼                      ▼                    ▼                 ▼
OntologyEvent ──→ ReasoningResult ──→ DecisionOutcome ──→ ActionResult
                                                              │
                                                              │ 反馈
                                                              ▼
                                                         新的 Fact
                                                        (回到 Sense)

#6.2 端到端代码串联

Python
async def supply_chain_decision_loop(
    sense: SenseLayer,
    reasoning: ReasoningEngine,
    decision: DecisionEngine,
    action: ActionEngine,
):
    """供应链智能决策闭环"""

    # ── Sense ──
    temperature_event = await sense.ingest_event(
        "iot_warehouse_01",
        {"sensor_id": "temp_01", "value": 35.0, "unit": "celsius"},
    )
    inventory_event = await sense.ingest_event(
        "erp_system",
        {"product_id": "SKU_001", "quantity": 50, "warehouse": "WH_01"},
    )

    # 计算派生属性
    derived = await sense.derived_property_service.compute_derived(
        "Warehouse", "WH_01", {"temperature", "inventory_level"}
    )

    # ── Think ──
    facts = {
        "temperature": Fact("temperature", 35.0, "sensor"),
        "inventory": Fact("inventory", 50, "erp"),
        "risk_level": Fact("risk_level", derived["risk_score"], "derived"),
    }
    reasoning_result = await reasoning.reason(facts, strategy="hybrid")

    # ── Decide ──
    decision_outcome = await decision.evaluate(
        tree_id="supply_chain_emergency",
        context={
            "risk_level": reasoning_result.facts["risk_level"].value,
            "predicted_shortage": reasoning_result.facts.get(
                "predicted_shortage", Fact("predicted_shortage", True, "ml")
            ).value,
        },
    )

    # ── Act ──
    if decision_outcome.action_type == "emergency_replenishment":
        # 约束求解:选择最优供应商
        solver_result = await decision.constraint_solver.solve_assignment(
            tasks=[{"id": "replenish_SKU001", "demand": 100}],
            resources=[
                {"id": "supplier_A", "capacity": 50, "cost": 10},
                {"id": "supplier_B", "capacity": 200, "cost": 8},
            ],
            constraints=[],
            objective="minimize_cost",
        )

        # 执行一系列动作
        await action.execute_action(
            ExecutorType.CREATE_OBJECT,
            {"object_type": "PurchaseOrder", "properties": {
                "supplier": solver_result.assignments[0]["resource_id"],
                "quantity": 100,
                "priority": "urgent",
            }},
            decision_id=decision_outcome.decision_id,
            operator="system:auto",
        )

        await action.execute_action(
            ExecutorType.NOTIFICATION,
            {"channel": "dingtalk", "template": "urgent_replenishment",
             "recipients": ["warehouse_manager"]},
            decision_id=decision_outcome.decision_id,
            operator="system:auto",
        )

#7. 闭环反馈机制

#7.1 决策效果评估

闭环的关键在于"闭"——执行结果必须反馈回感知层:

Python
class FeedbackCollector:
    """决策反馈收集器"""

    async def collect_outcome(
        self, decision_id: str, metrics: dict
    ) -> "FeedbackRecord":
        """收集决策执行后的效果指标"""
        original_decision = await self.decision_store.get(decision_id)

        feedback = FeedbackRecord(
            decision_id=decision_id,
            expected_outcome=original_decision.expected_outcome,
            actual_outcome=metrics,
            deviation=self._compute_deviation(
                original_decision.expected_outcome, metrics
            ),
            timestamp=datetime.utcnow(),
        )

        # 将反馈作为新事实注入 Sense 层
        await self.sense_layer.ingest_event(
            "feedback_system",
            {
                "type": "decision_feedback",
                "decision_id": decision_id,
                "effectiveness": feedback.deviation,
            },
        )

        return feedback

#7.2 规则自优化

Code
反馈驱动的规则优化循环:

┌──────────┐     ┌──────────┐     ┌──────────┐
│ 决策记录   │────→│ 效果评估   │────→│ 规则调优   │
│          │     │          │     │          │
│ 历史决策   │     │ 偏差分析   │     │ 阈值调整   │
│ 300+ 条   │     │ 成功率 85% │     │ 权重更新   │
└──────────┘     └──────────┘     └──────┬───┘
                                        │
                                        ▼
                                  ┌──────────┐
                                  │ A/B 测试   │
                                  │ 新规则 vs  │
                                  │ 旧规则     │
                                  └──────────┘

#8. 性能与可观测性

#8.1 各阶段延迟预算

阶段目标延迟实际 P99关键优化手段
Sense< 50ms32ms事件批处理、异步派生计算
Think< 200ms145msRete 网络缓存、模型预加载
Decide< 100ms78ms决策树剪枝、求解器超时
Act< 500ms320ms异步执行、批量写入
端到端< 1s~600ms流水线并行

#8.2 可观测性指标

Python
# 闭环监控指标
STDA_METRICS = {
    "sense_events_total": Counter("sense_events_total", "感知事件总数"),
    "think_reasoning_duration": Histogram(
        "think_reasoning_duration_seconds", "推理耗时分布"
    ),
    "decide_outcome_total": Counter(
        "decide_outcome_total", "决策结果计数", ["outcome_type"]
    ),
    "act_execution_total": Counter(
        "act_execution_total", "动作执行计数", ["executor_type", "status"]
    ),
    "feedback_deviation": Histogram(
        "feedback_deviation", "决策效果偏差分布"
    ),
    "loop_e2e_duration": Histogram(
        "stda_loop_duration_seconds", "闭环端到端耗时"
    ),
}

#9. 与 Palantir Foundry 的对比

维度Palantir Foundrycoomia-dip
推理引擎闭源 Logic Engine开源 ReasoningEngine(前向链 + ML)
决策引擎AIP Logic 内置DecisionEngine(决策树 + OR-Tools)
执行引擎Actions FrameworkActionEngine(10 种执行器)
工作流内置引擎Temporal(云原生、可扩展)
可解释性有限完整推理链 + 审计日志
用户函数TypeScriptPython/TS/Groovy/WASM/Kotlin
开源

#Key Takeaways

  1. STDA 闭环(Sense→Think→Decide→Act)是 coomia-dip 智能决策的核心架构模式
  2. Sense 层通过 Ontology 事件和 DerivedPropertyService 将原始数据语义化
  3. Think 层的 ReasoningEngine 支持前向链推理和 ML 推断的混合模式
  4. Decide 层的 DecisionEngine 提供决策树快速路径和 OR-Tools 约束求解双引擎
  5. Act 层的 ActionEngine 统一调度 10 种执行器,支持 Temporal Saga 补偿
  6. 闭环反馈将执行结果注回感知层,驱动规则自优化
  7. 端到端延迟控制在 1 秒内,满足实时决策需求

#Next Article

下一篇 S5-02 规则引擎设计:前向链推理的原理与实现 将深入剖析 ReasoningEngine 的 Rete 网络实现、事实匹配算法和规则触发机制。

tags: #intelligent-decision #STDA-loop #reasoning-engine #decision-engine #action-engine #coomia-dip #enterprise-intelligence